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!SFX_LIC Copyright 1994-2014 CNRS, Meteo-France and Universite Paul Sabatier
!SFX_LIC This is part of the SURFEX software governed by the CeCILL-C licence
!SFX_LIC version 1. See LICENSE, CeCILL-C_V1-en.txt and CeCILL-C_V1-fr.txt
!SFX_LIC for details. version 1.
! #########
SUBROUTINE SOLAR_PANEL(PTSTEP, PTSUN, PRESIDENTIAL, &
PEMIT_LW_ROOF, PEMIT_LWDN_PANEL, PLW_RAD, &
PABS_SW_PANEL, PTA, PN_FLOOR, PFRAC_PANEL,&
PEMIS_PANEL, PALB_PANEL, PEFF_PANEL, &
PABS_LW_PANEL, PH_PANEL, PRN_PANEL, &
PTHER_PRODC_DAY, &
PTHER_PROD_PANEL, PPHOT_PROD_PANEL, &
PPROD_PANEL, &
PTHER_PROD_BLD, PPHOT_PROD_BLD, &
PPROD_BLD )
! ##########################################################################
!
!!**** *SOLAR_PANEL*
!!
!! PURPOSE
!! -------
!
! Computes the energy budget of the solar panels.
!
!
!!** METHOD
! ------
!
!
!! EXTERNAL
!! --------
!!
!!
!! IMPLICIT ARGUMENTS
!! ------------------
!!
!!
!! REFERENCE
!! ---------
!!
!!
!! AUTHOR
!! ------
!!
!! V. Masson * Meteo-France *
!!
!! MODIFICATIONS
!! -------------
!! Original 08/2013
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 0. DECLARATIONS
! ------------
!
USE MODD_SURF_PAR, ONLY : XUNDEF
USE MODD_CSTS, ONLY : XSTEFAN
!
USE YOMHOOK ,ONLY : LHOOK, DR_HOOK
USE PARKIND1 ,ONLY : JPRB
!
IMPLICIT NONE
!
!* 0.1 declarations of arguments
!
!
REAL, INTENT(IN) :: PTSTEP ! time step (s)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PTSUN ! solar time (s since solar midnight)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PRESIDENTIAL ! Buildings Residential use fraction (-)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PEMIT_LW_ROOF ! Upwards LW flux from roof (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PEMIT_LWDN_PANEL! Downwards LW flux from panel (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PLW_RAD ! Incoming Longwave radiation (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PABS_SW_PANEL ! Absorbed solar energy by the solar panel (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PTA ! Air temperature (K)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PN_FLOOR ! number of floors (-)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PFRAC_PANEL ! fraction of solar panel on roofs (-)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PEMIS_PANEL ! emissivity of solar panel (-)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PALB_PANEL ! albedo of solar panel (-)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(IN) :: PEFF_PANEL ! efficiency of solar panel (-)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PABS_LW_PANEL ! Absorbed LW enerby by solar panel (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PH_PANEL ! Sensible heat released by the solar panel (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PRN_PANEL ! Net radiation of the solar panel (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(INOUT)::PTHER_PRODC_DAY ! Present day integrated thermal production of energy (J/m2 panel)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PTHER_PROD_PANEL! Thermal Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2 panel)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PPHOT_PROD_PANEL! Photovoltaic Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2 panel)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PPROD_PANEL ! Averaged Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2 panel)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PTHER_PROD_BLD ! Thermal Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2 bld)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PPHOT_PROD_BLD ! Photovoltaic Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2 bld)
REAL, DIMENSION(:), INTENT(OUT) :: PPROD_BLD ! Averaged Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2 bld)
!
REAL(KIND=JPRB) :: ZHOOK_HANDLE
!
!* 0.2 declarations of parameters
!
! coefficient to take into account irradiance to estimate surface temperature of panel
REAL, PARAMETER :: XKT = 0.05 ! (Km2/W)
!
! coefficient to take into account optimum orientation of the solar panel
REAL, PARAMETER :: XFT = 1.10 ! (-)
!
! optimum panel temperature for photovoltaic production
REAL, PARAMETER :: XT_OPT = 298.15 ! (K)
!
! coefficient to take into account decrease of production for warm temperatures
REAL, PARAMETER :: XT_LOSS= 0.005 ! (K-1)
!
! difference of temperature between cold and hot water
REAL, PARAMETER :: XWATER_DT = 45. ! (K)
!
! density of m2 of panel per m2 of floor necessary for hot water production
REAL, PARAMETER :: XTHER_FLOOR= 1./30. ! (-)
!
! Annual thermal production for an increase of 1K of the water temperature
REAL, PARAMETER :: XTHER_RATE= 0.5 * 1.16*32. ! (kWh/year/m2 panel)
!
!! Maximum irradiance above which there is no more heating necessary (target temperature reached quickly)
!REAL, PARAMETER :: XTHER_IRR = 500. ! (W/m2)
! Efficiency for thermal panels
REAL, PARAMETER :: XTHER_EFF = 0.60 ! (-)
!
!
!
!
!* 0.3 declarations of local variables
!
REAL :: ZTHER_DAILY_TARGET ! daily target for thermal production (J/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(SIZE(PTA)) :: ZIRRADIANCE ! incoming solar radiation normal to the solar panel (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(SIZE(PTA)) :: ZTS_PANEL ! Surface temperature of the upwards face of the solar panel (K)
REAL, DIMENSION(SIZE(PTA)) :: ZLWU_PANEL ! Upwards longwave radiation from the solar panel (W/m2)
REAL, DIMENSION(SIZE(PTA)) :: ZTHER_FRAC ! Fraction of thermal panels per m2 of roof (m2 panel/m2 bld)
REAL, DIMENSION(SIZE(PTA)) :: ZPHOT_FRAC ! Fraction of photovoltaic panels per m2 of roof (m2 panel/m2 bld)
REAL, DIMENSION(SIZE(PTA)) :: ZTHER_PRODC_DAY ! guess of daily production by thermal panels (J/m2)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF (LHOOK) CALL DR_HOOK('SOLAR_PANEL',0,ZHOOK_HANDLE)
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 0.4 Default values for output variables
! -----------------------------------
!
PABS_LW_PANEL = XUNDEF ! Absorbed LW enerby by solar panel (W/m2)
PH_PANEL = XUNDEF ! Sensible heat released by the solar panel (W/m2)
PRN_PANEL = XUNDEF ! Net radiation of the solar panel (W/m2)
PTHER_PROD_PANEL= XUNDEF ! Thermal Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2)
PPHOT_PROD_PANEL= XUNDEF ! Photovoltaic Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2)
PPROD_PANEL = XUNDEF ! Averaged Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2)
PTHER_PROD_BLD = 0. ! Thermal Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2)
PPHOT_PROD_BLD = 0. ! Photovoltaic Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2)
PPROD_BLD = 0. ! Averaged Energy production of the solar panel (W/m2)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 1. Initializations
! ---------------
!
!* 1.1 Checks hour for daily thermal production reset
! ----------------------------------------------
!
!* energy reset between midnight and 1AM.
WHERE (PTSUN(:)>=0. .AND. PTSUN(:)<=3600.) PTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) = 0.
!
!
!* 1.2 Daily target production for thermal panels
! ------------------------------------------
!
ZTHER_DAILY_TARGET = (2.*XTHER_RATE) * XWATER_DT * (1000. / 365. * 3600. ) ! (J/m2)
! the factor 2 is to remove the assumption of cloudy days in the annual mean production
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!* Note that computations are done only where solar panels are present
WHERE (PFRAC_PANEL(:)>0.)
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 2. Irradiance on panel
! -------------------
!
ZIRRADIANCE(:) = XFT * PABS_SW_PANEL(:) / (1.-PALB_PANEL(:) )
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 3. Solar panel temperature
! -----------------------
!
ZTS_PANEL (:) = PTA(:) + XKT * ZIRRADIANCE(:)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 4. Upwards solar panel LW radiation
! --------------------------------
!
ZLWU_PANEL (:) = PEMIS_PANEL(:) * XSTEFAN * ZTS_PANEL(:)**4 &
+ (1.-PEMIS_PANEL(:)) * PLW_RAD(:)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 5. Solar panel LW budget
! ---------------------
!
PABS_LW_PANEL(:)= PLW_RAD(:) + PEMIT_LW_ROOF(:) - PEMIT_LWDN_PANEL(:) - ZLWU_PANEL(:)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 6. Solar panel Net radiation
! -------------------------
!
PRN_PANEL(:) = PABS_SW_PANEL(:) + PABS_LW_PANEL(:)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 7. Fraction of panel surface types
! -------------------------------
!
!* 7.1 Panel dedicated to thermal production of hot water
! --------------------------------------------------
!
ZTHER_FRAC(:) = MIN( XTHER_FLOOR * PN_FLOOR(:) * PRESIDENTIAL(:), PFRAC_PANEL(:) ) ! (m2 thermal panel / m2 roof)
!
!* 7.2 Photovoltaic panel
! ------------------
!
ZPHOT_FRAC(:) = PFRAC_PANEL(:) - ZTHER_FRAC(:) ! (m2 photovoltaic panel / m2 roof)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 8. Thermal Production of hot water (W/m2 thermal panel)
! -------------------------------
!
!* 8.1 Instantaneous production
! ------------------------
!
PTHER_PROD_PANEL(:)= XTHER_EFF * ZIRRADIANCE(:) ! (W/m2)
! PTHER_PROD_PANEL(:) = XTHER_RATE * XWATER_DT * (1000. / 24. / 365.)
!
!* 8.2 Integrated daily production
! ---------------------------
!
ZTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) = PTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) + PTSTEP * PTHER_PROD_PANEL(:) ! (J/m2)
!
!* 8.3 Daily production limited by daily target
! ----------------------------------------
!
ZTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) = MIN( ZTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) , ZTHER_DAILY_TARGET )
!
!* 8.4 Instantaneous production taking into account target limit if reached
! --------------------------------------------------------------------
!
PTHER_PROD_PANEL(:)= ( ZTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) - PTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) ) / PTSTEP
!
!* 8.5 Updates daily production
! ------------------------
!
PTHER_PRODC_DAY(:) = ZTHER_PRODC_DAY(:)
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 9. Photovoltaic Production (W/m2 photovoltaic panel)
! -----------------------
!
PPHOT_PROD_PANEL(:) = PEFF_PANEL(:) * ZIRRADIANCE(:) * MIN(1.,1.-XT_LOSS*(ZTS_PANEL(:)-XT_OPT))
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 10. Averaged Production (W/m2 panel)
! -------------------
!
PPROD_PANEL(:) = PTHER_PROD_PANEL(:) * (ZTHER_FRAC(:) / PFRAC_PANEL(:)) &
+ PPHOT_PROD_PANEL(:) * (ZPHOT_FRAC(:) / PFRAC_PANEL(:))
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 11. Sensible heat flux (W/m2 panel)
! ------------------
!
PH_PANEL(:) = PRN_PANEL(:) - PPROD_PANEL(:)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!* 12. Productions per building (W/m2 bld)
! ------------------------
!
PTHER_PROD_BLD(:) = PTHER_PROD_PANEL(:) * ZTHER_FRAC(:)
PPHOT_PROD_BLD(:) = PPHOT_PROD_PANEL(:) * ZPHOT_FRAC(:)
PPROD_BLD (:) = PTHER_PROD_BLD (:) + PPHOT_PROD_PANEL(:)
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
END WHERE
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF (LHOOK) CALL DR_HOOK('SOLAR_PANEL',1,ZHOOK_HANDLE)
!-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
END SUBROUTINE SOLAR_PANEL