Skip to content
Snippets Groups Projects
mode_compute_updraft.F90 42.3 KiB
Newer Older
!MNH_LIC Copyright 2004-2019 CNRS, Meteo-France and Universite Paul Sabatier
!MNH_LIC This is part of the Meso-NH software governed by the CeCILL-C licence
!MNH_LIC version 1. See LICENSE, CeCILL-C_V1-en.txt and CeCILL-C_V1-fr.txt
!MNH_LIC for details. version 1.
!-----------------------------------------------------------------
     MODULE MODE_COMPUTE_UPDRAFT
!    ###########################
!
IMPLICIT NONE
CONTAINS
      SUBROUTINE COMPUTE_UPDRAFT(D, CST, NEB, PARAMMF, TURB, CSTURB, &
                                 OENTR_DETR,OMIXUV,               &
                                 ONOMIXLG,KSV_LGBEG,KSV_LGEND,    &
                                 PZZ,PDZZ,                        &
                                 PSFTH,PSFRV,                     &
                                 PPABSM,PRHODREF,PUM,PVM, PTKEM,  &
                                 PTHM,PRVM,PTHLM,PRTM,            &
                                 PSVM,PTHL_UP,PRT_UP,             &
                                 PRV_UP,PRC_UP,PRI_UP,PTHV_UP,    &
                                 PW_UP,PU_UP, PV_UP, PSV_UP,      &
                                 PFRAC_UP,PFRAC_ICE_UP,PRSAT_UP,  &
                                 PEMF,PDETR,PENTR,                &
                                 PBUO_INTEG,KKLCL,KKETL,KKCTL,    &
                                 PDEPTH, PDX, PDY     )

!     #################################################################
!!
!!****  *COMPUTE_UPDRAFT* - calculates caracteristics of the updraft 
!!                         
!!
!!    PURPOSE
!!    -------
!!****  The purpose of this routine is to build the updraft model 
!!
!
!!**  METHOD
!!    ------
!!
!!    EXTERNAL
!!    --------
!!      
!!    IMPLICIT ARGUMENTS
!!    ------------------
!!
!!      !!     REFERENCE
!!     ---------
!!       Book 1 of Meso-NH documentation (chapter Turbulence)
!!       Soares et al. 2004 QJ
!!
!!     AUTHOR
!!     ------
!!     J.Pergaud
!!     V.Masson : Optimization 07/2010
!!     S. Riette : 07/2010 : modification for reproducibility  
!!     S. Riette may 2011: ice added, interface modified
!!     S. Riette Jan 2012: support for both order of vertical levels
!!     V.Masson, C.Lac : 02/2011 : SV_UP initialized by a non-zero value
!!     S. Riette Apr 2013: improvement of continuity at the condensation level
!!     R.Honnert Oct 2016 : Add ZSURF and Update with AROME
!!     Q.Rodier  01/2019 : support RM17 mixing length
!!     R.Honnert 01/2019 : add LGZ (reduction of the mass-flux surface closure with the resolution)
!! --------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!*      0. DECLARATIONS
!          ------------
!
USE MODD_DIMPHYEX,        ONLY: DIMPHYEX_t
USE MODD_CST,             ONLY: CST_t
USE MODD_NEB,             ONLY: NEB_t
USE MODD_PARAM_MFSHALL_n, ONLY: PARAM_MFSHALL_t
USE MODD_TURB_n,          ONLY: TURB_t
USE MODI_SHUMAN_MF, ONLY: MZM_MF, MZF_MF, GZ_M_W_MF
USE MODE_COMPUTE_BL89_ML, ONLY: COMPUTE_BL89_ML
USE PARKIND1, ONLY : JPRB
USE YOMHOOK , ONLY : LHOOK, DR_HOOK

IMPLICIT NONE

!*                    1.1  Declaration of Arguments
!
!
!
TYPE(DIMPHYEX_t),       INTENT(IN)   :: D
TYPE(CST_t),            INTENT(IN)   :: CST
TYPE(NEB_t),            INTENT(IN)   :: NEB
TYPE(PARAM_MFSHALL_t),  INTENT(IN)   :: PARAMMF
TYPE(TURB_t),           INTENT(IN)   :: TURB
INTEGER,                INTENT(IN)   :: KSV
CHARACTER(LEN=1),       INTENT(IN)   :: HFRAC_ICE    ! partition liquid/ice scheme
LOGICAL,                INTENT(IN) :: OENTR_DETR! flag to recompute entrainment, detrainment and mass flux
LOGICAL,                INTENT(IN) :: OMIXUV    ! True if mixing of momentum
LOGICAL,                INTENT(IN)   :: ONOMIXLG  ! False if mixing of lagrangian tracer
INTEGER,                INTENT(IN)   :: KSV_LGBEG ! first index of lag. tracer
INTEGER,                INTENT(IN)   :: KSV_LGEND ! last  index of lag. tracer
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT), INTENT(IN)   :: PZZ       !  Height at the flux point
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT), INTENT(IN)   :: PDZZ      !  Metrics coefficient
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)   ::  PSFTH,PSFRV
! normal surface fluxes of theta,rv,(u,v) parallel to the orography
!
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PPABSM     ! Pressure at t-dt
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PRHODREF   ! dry density of the
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PUM        ! u mean wind
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PVM        ! v mean wind
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PTKEM      ! TKE at t-dt
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN)   ::  PTHM           ! liquid pot. temp. at t-dt
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN)   ::  PRVM           ! vapor mixing ratio at t-dt
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN)   ::  PTHLM,PRTM     ! cons. var. at t-dt
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT,KSV), INTENT(IN)   ::  PSVM           ! scalar var. at t-dt
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(OUT)  ::  PTHL_UP,PRT_UP   ! updraft properties
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(OUT)  ::  PU_UP, PV_UP     ! updraft wind components
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(INOUT)::  PRV_UP,PRC_UP, & ! updraft rv, rc
                                         PRI_UP,PTHV_UP,& ! updraft ri, THv
                                         PW_UP,PFRAC_UP,& ! updraft w, fraction
                                         PFRAC_ICE_UP,&   ! liquid/solid fraction in updraft
                                         PRSAT_UP         ! Rsat

REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT,KSV), INTENT(OUT)  ::  PSV_UP           ! updraft scalar var. 
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(INOUT)::  PEMF,PDETR,PENTR ! Mass_flux,
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(INOUT) :: PBUO_INTEG       ! Integrated Buoyancy 
INTEGER, DIMENSION(D%NIT),  INTENT(INOUT) :: KKLCL,KKETL,KKCTL! LCL, ETL, CTL
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),     INTENT(OUT)   :: PDEPTH           ! Deepness of cloud
REAL,                   INTENT(IN)    :: PDX, PDY
!                       1.2  Declaration of local variables
!
!
! Mean environment variables at t-dt at flux point
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT) ::    &
                        ZTHM_F,ZRVM_F                 ! Theta,rv of
                                                      ! updraft environnement
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT) ::    &
                        ZRTM_F, ZTHLM_F, ZTKEM_F,&    ! rt, thetal,TKE,pressure,
                        ZUM_F,ZVM_F,ZRHO_F,      &    ! density,momentum
                        ZPRES_F,ZTHVM_F,ZTHVM,   &    ! interpolated at the flux point
                        ZG_O_THVREF,             &    ! g*ThetaV ref
                        ZW_UP2,                  &    ! w**2  of the updraft
                        ZBUO_INTEG_DRY, ZBUO_INTEG_CLD,&! Integrated Buoyancy
                        ZENTR_CLD,ZDETR_CLD           ! wet entrainment and detrainment

REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT,KSV) :: &
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT) ::  &
                        ZTH_UP,                  &    ! updraft THETA 
                        ZRC_MIX, ZRI_MIX              ! guess of Rc and Ri for KF mixture

REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT) ::  ZCOEF  ! diminution coefficient for too high clouds 
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT)            ::  ZWTHVSURF  ! Surface w'thetav'
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZMIX1,ZMIX2,ZMIX3_CLD,ZMIX2_CLD
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZLUP         ! Upward Mixing length from the ground
LOGICAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) ::  GTEST,GTESTLCL,GTESTETL
                               ! Test if the ascent continue, if LCL or ETL is reached
LOGICAL                          ::  GLMIX 
                               ! To choose upward or downward mixing length
LOGICAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT)              :: GWORK1
LOGICAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT) :: GWORK2
INTEGER  :: ITEST, JLOOP
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZRC_UP, ZRI_UP, ZRV_UP,&
                                 ZRSATW, ZRSATI,&
                                 ZPART_DRY

REAL  :: ZDEPTH_MAX1, ZDEPTH_MAX2 ! control auto-extinction process

REAL  :: ZTMAX,ZRMAX  ! control value
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZSURF
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT) :: ZSHEAR,ZDUDZ,ZDVDZ ! vertical wind shear
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,16) :: ZBUF
REAL(KIND=JPRB) :: ZHOOK_HANDLE
IF (LHOOK) CALL DR_HOOK('COMPUTE_UPDRAFT',0,ZHOOK_HANDLE)

! Thresholds for the  perturbation of
! theta_l and r_t at the first level of the updraft
ZTMAX=2.0
ZRMAX=1.E-3
!------------------------------------------------------------------------

!                     INITIALISATION

! Initialisation of the constants   
ZRDORV   = CST%XRD / CST%XRV   !=0.622
ZRVORD   = (CST%XRV / CST%XRD) 

ZDEPTH_MAX1=3000. ! clouds with depth inferior to this value are keeped untouched
ZDEPTH_MAX2=4000. ! clouds with depth superior to this value are suppressed

!                 Local variables, internal domain

IF (OENTR_DETR) THEN
  ! Initialisation of intersesting Level :LCL,ETL,CTL
  KKLCL(:)=D%NKE
  KKETL(:)=D%NKE
  KKCTL(:)=D%NKE

  !
  ! Initialisation
  !* udraft governing variables
  PEMF(:,:)=0.
  PDETR(:,:)=0.
  PENTR(:,:)=0.

  ! Initialisation
  !* updraft core variables
  PRV_UP(:,:)=0.
  PRC_UP(:,:)=0.
  PRI_UP(:,:)=0.
  PW_UP(:,:)=0.
  ZTH_UP(:,:)=0.
  PFRAC_UP(:,:)=0.
  PTHV_UP(:,:)=0.

  PBUO_INTEG=0.

  PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,:)=0.
  PRSAT_UP(:,:)=PRVM(:,:) ! should be initialised correctly but is (normaly) not used

  !cloud/dry air mixture cloud content
  ZRC_MIX = 0.
  ZRI_MIX = 0.

END IF

! Initialisation of environment variables at t-dt
! variables at flux level
CALL MZM_MF(D, PTHLM(:,:), ZTHLM_F(:,:))
CALL MZM_MF(D, PRTM(:,:), ZRTM_F (:,:))
CALL MZM_MF(D, PUM(:,:), ZUM_F  (:,:))
CALL MZM_MF(D, PVM(:,:), ZVM_F  (:,:))
CALL MZM_MF(D, PTKEM(:,:), ZTKEM_F(:,:))
  IF (ONOMIXLG .AND. JSV >= KSV_LGBEG .AND. JSV<= KSV_LGEND) CYCLE
 CALL MZM_MF(D, PSVM(:,:,JSV), ZSVM_F(:,:,JSV))
END DO
!                     
!          Initialisation of updraft characteristics 
PTHL_UP(:,:)=ZTHLM_F(:,:)
PRT_UP(:,:)=ZRTM_F(:,:)
PU_UP(:,:)=ZUM_F(:,:)
PV_UP(:,:)=ZVM_F(:,:)
PSV_UP(:,:,:)=ZSVM_F(:,:,:)


! Computation or initialisation of updraft characteristics at the KKB level
! thetal_up,rt_up,thetaV_up, w2,Buoyancy term and mass flux (PEMF)

PTHL_UP(:,D%NKB)= ZTHLM_F(:,D%NKB)+MAX(0.,MIN(ZTMAX,(PSFTH(:)/SQRT(ZTKEM_F(:,D%NKB)))*PARAMMF%XALP_PERT))
PRT_UP(:,D%NKB) = ZRTM_F(:,D%NKB)+MAX(0.,MIN(ZRMAX,(PSFRV(:)/SQRT(ZTKEM_F(:,D%NKB)))*PARAMMF%XALP_PERT)) 
  CALL MZM_MF(D, PTHM (:,:), ZTHM_F (:,:))
  CALL MZM_MF(D, PPABSM(:,:), ZPRES_F(:,:))
  CALL MZM_MF(D, PRHODREF(:,:), ZRHO_F (:,:))
  CALL MZM_MF(D, PRVM(:,:), ZRVM_F (:,:))

  ! thetav at mass and flux levels
  ZTHVM_F(:,:)=ZTHM_F(:,:)*((1.+ZRVORD*ZRVM_F(:,:))/(1.+ZRTM_F(:,:)))
  ZTHVM(:,:)=PTHM(:,:)*((1.+ZRVORD*PRVM(:,:))/(1.+PRTM(:,:)))

  PTHV_UP(:,:)=ZTHVM_F(:,:)

  ZW_UP2(:,:)=0.
  ZW_UP2(:,D%NKB) = MAX(0.0001,(2./3.)*ZTKEM_F(:,D%NKB))


  ! Computation of non conservative variable for the KKB level of the updraft
  ! (all or nothing ajustement)
  PRC_UP(:,D%NKB)=0.
  PRI_UP(:,D%NKB)=0.
  CALL TH_R_FROM_THL_RT(CST, NEB, D%NIT, HFRAC_ICE,PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,D%NKB),ZPRES_F(:,D%NKB), &
             PTHL_UP(:,D%NKB),PRT_UP(:,D%NKB),ZTH_UP(:,D%NKB), &
             PRV_UP(:,D%NKB),PRC_UP(:,D%NKB),PRI_UP(:,D%NKB),ZRSATW(:),ZRSATI(:), OOCEAN=.FALSE., &
             PBUF=ZBUF(:,:))

  ! compute updraft thevav and buoyancy term at KKB level
  PTHV_UP(:,D%NKB) = ZTH_UP(:,D%NKB)*((1+ZRVORD*PRV_UP(:,D%NKB))/(1+PRT_UP(:,D%NKB)))
  ! compute mean rsat in updraft
  PRSAT_UP(:,D%NKB) = ZRSATW(:)*(1-PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,D%NKB)) + ZRSATI(:)*PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,D%NKB)
                                                            
  ! Closure assumption for mass flux at KKB level
  !

  ZG_O_THVREF(:,:)=CST%XG/ZTHVM_F(:,:)
  IF(TURB%CTURBLEN=='RM17') THEN
    CALL GZ_M_W_MF(D, PUM, PDZZ, ZWK)
    CALL MZF_MF(D, ZWK, ZDUDZ)
    CALL GZ_M_W_MF(D, PVM, PDZZ, ZWK)
    CALL MZF_MF(D, ZWK, ZDVDZ)
    ZSHEAR = SQRT(ZDUDZ*ZDUDZ + ZDVDZ*ZDVDZ)
  ELSE
    ZSHEAR = 0. !no shear in bl89 mixing length
  END IF
  CALL COMPUTE_BL89_ML(D, CST, CSTURB, PDZZ,ZTKEM_F(:,D%NKB),&
                      &ZG_O_THVREF(:,D%NKB),ZTHVM,D%NKB,GLMIX,.TRUE.,ZSHEAR,ZLUP)
  CALL COMPUTE_BL89_ML(D, CST, CSTURB, PDZZ,ZTKEM_F(:,D%NKB),&
                      &ZG_O_THVREF(:,D%NKB),ZTHVM,D%NKB,GLMIX,.FALSE.,ZSHEAR,ZLUP)
  ZLUP(:)=MAX(ZLUP(:),1.E-10)

  ! Compute Buoyancy flux at the ground
  ZWTHVSURF(:) = (ZTHVM_F(:,D%NKB)/ZTHM_F(:,D%NKB))*PSFTH(:)+     &
                (0.61*ZTHM_F(:,D%NKB))*PSFRV(:)

  ! Mass flux at KKB level (updraft triggered if PSFTH>0.)
  IF (PARAMMF%LGZ) THEN
    ZSURF(:)=TANH(PARAMMF%XGZ*SQRT(PDX*PDY)/ZLUP)
    PEMF(:,D%NKB) = PARAMMF%XCMF * ZSURF(:) * ZRHO_F(:,D%NKB) *  &
            ((ZG_O_THVREF(:,D%NKB))*ZWTHVSURF*ZLUP)**(1./3.)
    PFRAC_UP(:,D%NKB)=MIN(PEMF(:,D%NKB)/(SQRT(ZW_UP2(:,D%NKB))*ZRHO_F(:,D%NKB)),PARAMMF%XFRAC_UP_MAX)
    ZW_UP2(:,D%NKB)=(PEMF(:,D%NKB)/(PFRAC_UP(:,D%NKB)*ZRHO_F(:,D%NKB)))**2
  GTEST(:)=PEMF(:,D%NKB+D%NKL)>0.
END IF

!--------------------------------------------------------------------------

!                        3. Vertical ascending loop
!                           -----------------------
!
! If GTEST = T the updraft starts from the KKB level and stops when GTEST becomes F
!
!
GTESTLCL(:)=.FALSE.
GTESTETL(:)=.FALSE.

!       Loop on vertical level

DO JK=D%NKB,D%NKE-D%NKL,D%NKL

! IF the updraft top is reached for all column, stop the loop on levels
  ITEST=COUNT(GTEST)
  IF (ITEST==0) CYCLE

!       Computation of entrainment and detrainment with KF90
!       parameterization in clouds and LR01 in subcloud layer


! to find the LCL (check if JK is LCL or not)

  WHERE ((PRC_UP(:,JK)+PRI_UP(:,JK)>0.).AND.(.NOT.(GTESTLCL)))
      KKLCL(:) = JK           
      GTESTLCL(:)=.TRUE.
  ENDWHERE

! COMPUTE PENTR and PDETR at mass level JK
  IF (OENTR_DETR) THEN
    IF(JK/=D%NKB) THEN
      ZRC_MIX(:,JK) = ZRC_MIX(:,JK-D%NKL) ! guess of Rc of mixture
      ZRI_MIX(:,JK) = ZRI_MIX(:,JK-D%NKL) ! guess of Ri of mixture
    CALL COMPUTE_ENTR_DETR(D, CST, NEB, PARAMMF, JK,D%NKB,D%NKE,D%NKL,GTEST,GTESTLCL,HFRAC_ICE,PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,JK),&
                           PRHODREF(:,JK),ZPRES_F(:,JK),ZPRES_F(:,JK+D%NKL),&
                           PZZ(:,:),PDZZ(:,:),ZTHVM(:,:),  &
                           PTHLM(:,:),PRTM(:,:),ZW_UP2(:,:),ZTH_UP(:,JK),   &
                           PTHL_UP(:,JK),PRT_UP(:,JK),ZLUP(:),         &
                           PRC_UP(:,JK),PRI_UP(:,JK),PTHV_UP(:,JK),&
                           PRSAT_UP(:,JK),ZRC_MIX(:,JK),ZRI_MIX(:,JK),                 &
                           PENTR(:,JK),PDETR(:,JK),ZENTR_CLD(:,JK),ZDETR_CLD(:,JK),&
                           ZBUO_INTEG_DRY(:,JK), ZBUO_INTEG_CLD(:,JK), &
                           ZPART_DRY(:)   )
    PBUO_INTEG(:,JK)=ZBUO_INTEG_DRY(:,JK)+ZBUO_INTEG_CLD(:,JK)

       PDETR(:,JK)=0.
       ZDETR_CLD(:,JK)=0.
    ENDIF   
 
!       Computation of updraft characteristics at level JK+KKL
    WHERE(GTEST)
      ZMIX1(:)=0.5*(PZZ(:,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(:,JK))*(PENTR(:,JK)-PDETR(:,JK))
      PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)=PEMF(:,JK)*EXP(2*ZMIX1(:))
    GTEST(:) = (PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)>0.)
  END IF 
  

! stop the updraft if MF becomes negative
  WHERE (GTEST.AND.(PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)<=0.))
    PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)=0.
    KKCTL(:) = JK+D%NKL
    PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,JK)
    PRSAT_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=PRSAT_UP(:,JK)
  ENDWHERE


! If the updraft did not stop, compute cons updraft characteritics at jk+KKL
    IF(GTEST(JLOOP)) THEN
      ZMIX2(JLOOP) = (PZZ(JLOOP,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,JK))*PENTR(JLOOP,JK) !&
      ZMIX3_CLD(JLOOP) = (PZZ(JLOOP,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,JK))*(1.-ZPART_DRY(JLOOP))*ZDETR_CLD(JLOOP,JK) !&                   
      ZMIX2_CLD(JLOOP) = (PZZ(JLOOP,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,JK))*(1.-ZPART_DRY(JLOOP))*ZENTR_CLD(JLOOP,JK)
      PTHL_UP(JLOOP,JK+D%NKL)=(PTHL_UP(JLOOP,JK)*(1.-0.5*ZMIX2(JLOOP)) + PTHLM(JLOOP,JK)*ZMIX2(JLOOP)) &
                            /(1.+0.5*ZMIX2(JLOOP))   
      PRT_UP(JLOOP,JK+D%NKL) =(PRT_UP (JLOOP,JK)*(1.-0.5*ZMIX2(JLOOP)) + PRTM(JLOOP,JK)*ZMIX2(JLOOP))  &
                            /(1.+0.5*ZMIX2(JLOOP))
      PTHL_UP(JLOOP,JK+D%NKL)=PTHL_UP(JLOOP,JK)*EXP(-ZMIX2(JLOOP)) + PTHLM(JLOOP,JK)*(1-EXP(-ZMIX2(JLOOP)))
      PRT_UP(JLOOP,JK+D%NKL) =PRT_UP (JLOOP,JK)*EXP(-ZMIX2(JLOOP)) +  PRTM(JLOOP,JK)*(1-EXP(-ZMIX2(JLOOP)))
        PU_UP(:,JK+D%NKL) = (PU_UP (:,JK)*(1-0.5*ZMIX2(:)) + PUM(:,JK)*ZMIX2(:)+ &
                          0.5*PARAMMF%XPRES_UV*(PZZ(:,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(:,JK))*&
                          ((PUM(:,JK+D%NKL)-PUM(:,JK))/PDZZ(:,JK+D%NKL)+&
                           (PUM(:,JK)-PUM(:,JK-D%NKL))/PDZZ(:,JK))        )   &
        PV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL) = (PV_UP (:,JK)*(1-0.5*ZMIX2(:)) + PVM(:,JK)*ZMIX2(:)+ &
                          0.5*PARAMMF%XPRES_UV*(PZZ(:,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(:,JK))*&
                          ((PVM(:,JK+D%NKL)-PVM(:,JK))/PDZZ(:,JK+D%NKL)+&
                           (PVM(:,JK)-PVM(:,JK-D%NKL))/PDZZ(:,JK))    )   &
                          /(1+0.5*ZMIX2(:))
      ENDWHERE
    ELSE
      WHERE(GTEST)
        PU_UP(:,JK+D%NKL) = (PU_UP (:,JK)*(1-0.5*ZMIX2(:)) + PUM(:,JK)*ZMIX2(:)+ &
                          0.5*PARAMMF%XPRES_UV*(PZZ(:,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(:,JK))*&
                          ((PUM(:,JK+D%NKL)-PUM(:,JK))/PDZZ(:,JK+D%NKL))        )   &
        PV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL) = (PV_UP (:,JK)*(1-0.5*ZMIX2(:)) + PVM(:,JK)*ZMIX2(:)+ &
                          0.5*PARAMMF%XPRES_UV*(PZZ(:,JK+D%NKL)-PZZ(:,JK))*&
                          ((PVM(:,JK+D%NKL)-PVM(:,JK))/PDZZ(:,JK+D%NKL))    )   &
     IF (ONOMIXLG .AND. JSV >= KSV_LGBEG .AND. JSV<= KSV_LGEND) CYCLE
      WHERE(GTEST) 
           PSV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL,JSV) = (PSV_UP (:,JK,JSV)*(1-0.5*ZMIX2(:)) + &
                        PSVM(:,JK,JSV)*ZMIX2(:))  /(1+0.5*ZMIX2(:))
      ENDWHERE                        
  END DO  
  
 IF (OENTR_DETR) THEN

! Compute non cons. var. at level JK+KKL
  ZRC_UP(:)=PRC_UP(:,JK) ! guess = level just below
  ZRI_UP(:)=PRI_UP(:,JK) ! guess = level just below
  CALL TH_R_FROM_THL_RT(CST, NEB, D%NIT, HFRAC_ICE,PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,JK+D%NKL),ZPRES_F(:,JK+D%NKL), &
          PTHL_UP(:,JK+D%NKL),PRT_UP(:,JK+D%NKL),ZTH_UP(:,JK+D%NKL),              &
          ZRV_UP(:),ZRC_UP(:),ZRI_UP(:),ZRSATW(:),ZRSATI(:), OOCEAN=.FALSE., &
          PBUF=ZBUF(:,:))
    PRC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=ZRC_UP(:)
    PRV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=ZRV_UP(:)
    PRI_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=ZRI_UP(:)
    PRSAT_UP(:,JK+D%NKL) = ZRSATW(:)*(1-PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)) + ZRSATI(:)*PFRAC_ICE_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)
  ENDWHERE
  

! Compute the updraft theta_v, buoyancy and w**2 for level JK+KKL
  WHERE(GTEST)
    PTHV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL) = ZTH_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)*((1+ZRVORD*PRV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL))/(1+PRT_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)))
    WHERE (ZBUO_INTEG_DRY(:,JK)>0.)
      ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL)  = ZW_UP2(:,JK) + 2.*(PARAMMF%XABUO-PARAMMF%XBENTR*PARAMMF%XENTR_DRY)* ZBUO_INTEG_DRY(:,JK)
      ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL)  = ZW_UP2(:,JK) + 2.*PARAMMF%XABUO* ZBUO_INTEG_DRY(:,JK)
    ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL)  = ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL)*(1.-(PARAMMF%XBDETR*ZMIX3_CLD(:)+PARAMMF%XBENTR*ZMIX2_CLD(:)))&
            /(1.+(PARAMMF%XBDETR*ZMIX3_CLD(:)+PARAMMF%XBENTR*ZMIX2_CLD(:))) &
            +2.*(PARAMMF%XABUO)*ZBUO_INTEG_CLD(:,JK)/(1.+(PARAMMF%XBDETR*ZMIX3_CLD(:)+PARAMMF%XBENTR*ZMIX2_CLD(:)))
 ENDWHERE


  ! Test if the updraft has reach the ETL
  GTESTETL(:)=.FALSE.
  WHERE (GTEST.AND.(PBUO_INTEG(:,JK)<=0.))
      GTESTETL(:)=.TRUE.
  ENDWHERE

  ! Test is we have reached the top of the updraft
  WHERE (GTEST.AND.((ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL)<=0.).OR.(PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)<=0.)))
      ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL)=0.
      PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)=0.
      PTHL_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=ZTHLM_F(:,JK+D%NKL)
      PRT_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=ZRTM_F(:,JK+D%NKL)
      PRC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=0.
      PRI_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=0.
      PRV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=0.
      PTHV_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=ZTHVM_F(:,JK+D%NKL)
      PFRAC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=0.
      KKCTL(:)=JK+D%NKL
  ENDWHERE
 
  ! compute frac_up at JK+KKL
  WHERE (GTEST)
    PFRAC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)/(SQRT(ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL))*ZRHO_F(:,JK+D%NKL))
  ENDWHERE

  ! Updraft fraction must be smaller than XFRAC_UP_MAX
  WHERE (GTEST)
    PFRAC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=MIN(PARAMMF%XFRAC_UP_MAX,PFRAC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL))
  ENDWHERE

  ! When cloudy and non-buoyant, updraft fraction must decrease
  WHERE ((GTEST.AND.GTESTETL).AND.GTESTLCL)
    PFRAC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)=MIN(PFRAC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL),PFRAC_UP(:,JK))
  ENDWHERE

  ! Mass flux is updated with the new updraft fraction
  IF (OENTR_DETR) PEMF(:,JK+D%NKL)=PFRAC_UP(:,JK+D%NKL)*SQRT(ZW_UP2(:,JK+D%NKL))*ZRHO_F(:,JK+D%NKL)

! Limits the shallow convection scheme when cloud heigth is higher than 3000m.
! To do this, mass flux is multiplied by a coefficient decreasing linearly
! from 1 (for clouds of ZDEPTH_MAX1 m of depth) to 0 (for clouds of ZDEPTH_MAX2 m of depth).
! This way, all MF fluxes are diminished by this amount.
! Diagnosed cloud fraction is also multiplied by the same coefficient.
!
     PDEPTH(JI) = MAX(0., PZZ(JI,KKCTL(JI)) -  PZZ(JI,KKLCL(JI)) )
  END DO

  GWORK1(:)= (GTESTLCL(:) .AND. (PDEPTH(:) > ZDEPTH_MAX1) )
  GWORK2(:,:) = SPREAD( GWORK1(:), DIM=2, NCOPIES=MAX(D%NKU,D%NKA) )
  ZCOEF(:,:) = SPREAD( (1.-(PDEPTH(:)-ZDEPTH_MAX1)/(ZDEPTH_MAX2-ZDEPTH_MAX1)), DIM=2, NCOPIES=D%NKT)
  ZCOEF=MIN(MAX(ZCOEF,0.),1.)
  WHERE (GWORK2) 
    PEMF(:,:)     = PEMF(:,:)     * ZCOEF(:,:)
    PFRAC_UP(:,:) = PFRAC_UP(:,:) * ZCOEF(:,:)
  ENDWHERE
ENDIF

IF (LHOOK) CALL DR_HOOK('COMPUTE_UPDRAFT',1,ZHOOK_HANDLE)
CONTAINS
INCLUDE "th_r_from_thl_rt.func.h"
INCLUDE "compute_frac_ice.func.h"
595 596 597 598 599 600 601 602 603 604 605 606 607 608 609 610 611 612 613 614 615 616 617 618 619 620 621 622 623 624 625 626 627 628 629 630 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 639 640 641 642 643 644 645 646 647 648 649 650 651 652 653 654 655 656 657 658 659 660 661 662 663 664 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 693 694 695 696 697 698 699 700 701 702 703 704 705 706 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 721 722 723 724 725 726 727 728 729 730 731 732 733 734 735 736 737 738 739 740 741 742 743 744 745 746 747 748 749 750 751 752 753 754 755 756 757 758 759 760 761 762 763 764 765 766 767 768 769 770 771 772 773 774 775 776 777 778 779 780 781 782 783 784 785 786 787 788 789 790 791 792 793 794 795 796 797 798 799 800 801 802 803 804 805 806 807 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 828 829 830 831 832 833 834 835 836 837 838 839 840 841 842 843 844 845 846 847 848 849 850 851 852 853 854 855 856 857 858 859 860 861 862 863 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 872 873 874 875 876 877 878 879 880 881 882 883 884 885 886 887 888 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 899 900 901 902 903 904 905 906 907 908 909 910 911 912 913 914 915 916 917 918 919 920 921 922 923 924 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 938 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956 957 958 959 960 961 962 963 964 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 978 979 980 981 982 983 984 985 986 987 988 989 990 991 992 993 994 995 996 997 998 999 1000
          SUBROUTINE COMPUTE_ENTR_DETR(D, CST, NEB, PARAMMF,&
                            KK,KKB,KKE,KKL,OTEST,OTESTLCL,&
                            HFRAC_ICE,PFRAC_ICE,PRHODREF,&
                            PPRE_MINUS_HALF,&
                            PPRE_PLUS_HALF,PZZ,PDZZ,&
                            PTHVM,PTHLM,PRTM,PW_UP2,PTH_UP,&
                            PTHL_UP,PRT_UP,PLUP,&
                            PRC_UP,PRI_UP,PTHV_UP,&
                            PRSAT_UP,PRC_MIX,PRI_MIX,      &
                            PENTR,PDETR,PENTR_CLD,PDETR_CLD,&
                            PBUO_INTEG_DRY,PBUO_INTEG_CLD,&
                            PPART_DRY)
!         #############################################################

!!
!!***COMPUTE_ENTR_DETR* - calculates caracteristics of the updraft or downdraft
!!                       using model of the EDMF scheme 
!!
!!    PURPOSE
!!    -------
!!****  The purpose of this routine is to compute entrainement and
!!      detrainement at one level of the updraft
!
!!**  METHOD
!!    ------
!!
!!    EXTERNAL
!!    --------
!!      
!!    IMPLICIT ARGUMENTS
!!    ------------------
!!
!!     REFERENCE
!!     ---------
!!       Book 1 of Meso-NH documentation (chapter Convection)
!!       
!!
!!     AUTHOR
!!     ------
!!    J.Pergaud : 2009
!!
!!    MODIFICATIONS
!!    -------------
!!      Y.Seity (06/2010) Bug correction
!!      V.Masson (09/2010) Optimization
!!      S. Riette april 2011 : ice added, protection against zero divide by Yves Bouteloup
!!                             protection against too big ZPART_DRY, interface modified
!!      S. Riette Jan 2012: support for both order of vertical levels
!!      S. Riette & J. Escobar (11/2013) : remove div by 0 on real*4 case
!!      P.Marguinaud Jun 2012: fix uninitialized variable
!!      P.Marguinaud Nov 2012: fix gfortran bug
!!      S. Riette Apr 2013: bugs correction, rewriting (for optimisation) and
!!                          improvement of continuity at the condensation level
!!      S. Riette Nov 2013: protection against zero divide for min value of dry PDETR
!!      R.Honnert Oct 2016 : Update with AROME
!  P. Wautelet 08/02/2019: bugfix: compute ZEPSI_CLOUD only once and only when it is needed
!!      R. El Khatib 29-Apr-2019 portability fix : compiler may get confused by embricked WHERE statements
!!                          eventually breaking tests with NaN initializations at compile time.
!!                          Replace by IF conditions and traditional DO loops can only improve the performance.
!  P. Wautelet 10/02/2021: bugfix: initialized PPART_DRY everywhere
!! --------------------------------------------------------------------------
!
!*      0. DECLARATIONS
!          ------------
!
USE MODD_DIMPHYEX,        ONLY: DIMPHYEX_t
USE MODD_CST,             ONLY: CST_t
USE MODD_NEB,             ONLY: NEB_t
USE MODD_PARAM_MFSHALL_n, ONLY: PARAM_MFSHALL_t
!
USE PARKIND1, ONLY : JPRB
USE YOMHOOK , ONLY : LHOOK, DR_HOOK

IMPLICIT NONE
!
!                         
!*                    1.1  Declaration of Arguments
!
!
TYPE(DIMPHYEX_t),       INTENT(IN)   :: D
TYPE(CST_t),            INTENT(IN)   :: CST
TYPE(NEB_t),            INTENT(IN)   :: NEB
TYPE(PARAM_MFSHALL_t),  INTENT(IN)   :: PARAMMF
!
INTEGER,                INTENT(IN)   :: KK
INTEGER,                INTENT(IN)   :: KKB          ! near ground physical index
INTEGER,                INTENT(IN)   :: KKE          ! uppest atmosphere physical index
INTEGER,                INTENT(IN)   :: KKL          ! +1 if grid goes from ground to atmosphere top, -1 otherwise
LOGICAL,DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)   :: OTEST ! test to see if updraft is running
LOGICAL,DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)   :: OTESTLCL !test of condensation 
CHARACTER(LEN=1),       INTENT(IN)   :: HFRAC_ICE ! frac_ice can be compute using
                                              ! Temperature (T) or prescribed
                                              ! (Y)
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT), INTENT(IN)  :: PFRAC_ICE ! fraction of ice
!
!    prognostic variables at t- deltat
!
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),     INTENT(IN) ::  PRHODREF  !rhodref
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),     INTENT(IN) ::  PPRE_MINUS_HALF ! Pressure at flux level KK
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),     INTENT(IN) ::  PPRE_PLUS_HALF ! Pressure at flux level KK+KKL
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PZZ       !  Height at the flux point
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PDZZ       !  metrics coefficient
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT),   INTENT(IN) ::  PTHVM      ! ThetaV environment 

!
!   thermodynamical variables which are transformed in conservative var.
!
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT), INTENT(IN) ::  PTHLM     ! Thetal
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT), INTENT(IN) ::  PRTM      ! total mixing ratio 
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT,D%NKT), INTENT(IN) ::  PW_UP2    ! Vertical velocity^2
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)     ::  PTH_UP,PTHL_UP,PRT_UP  ! updraft properties
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)     ::  PLUP      ! LUP compute from the ground
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)     ::  PRC_UP,PRI_UP   ! Updraft cloud content
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)     ::  PTHV_UP ! Thetav of updraft
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(IN)     ::  PRSAT_UP ! Mixing ratio at saturation in updraft
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(INOUT)  ::  PRC_MIX, PRI_MIX      ! Mixture cloud content
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(OUT)    ::  PENTR     ! Mass flux entrainment of the updraft
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(OUT)    ::  PDETR     ! Mass flux detrainment of the updraft
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(OUT)    ::  PENTR_CLD ! Mass flux entrainment of the updraft in cloudy part
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(OUT)    ::  PDETR_CLD ! Mass flux detrainment of the updraft in cloudy part
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(OUT)    ::  PBUO_INTEG_DRY, PBUO_INTEG_CLD! Integral Buoyancy
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT),   INTENT(OUT)    ::  PPART_DRY ! ratio of dry part at the transition level
!
!
!                       1.2  Declaration of local variables
!
!

! Variables for cloudy part
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZKIC, ZKIC_F2  ! fraction of env. mass in the muxtures
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZEPSI,ZDELTA   ! factor entrainment detrainment
REAL                   :: ZEPSI_CLOUD    ! factor entrainment detrainment
REAL                   :: ZCOEFFMF_CLOUD ! factor for compputing entr. detr.
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZMIXTHL,ZMIXRT ! Thetal and rt in the mixtures
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZTHMIX         ! Theta and Thetav  of mixtures
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZRVMIX,ZRCMIX,ZRIMIX ! mixing ratios in mixtures
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZTHVMIX, ZTHVMIX_F2 ! Theta and Thetav  of mixtures
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZTHV_UP_F2     ! thv_up at flux point kk+kkl
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZRSATW, ZRSATI ! working arrays (mixing ratio at saturation)
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZTHV           ! theta V of environment at the bottom of cloudy part  
REAL                   :: ZKIC_INIT      !Initial value of ZKIC
REAL                   :: ZCOTHVU              ! Variation of Thvup between bottom and top of cloudy part

! Variables for dry part
REAL                   :: ZFOESW, ZFOESI       ! saturating vapor pressure
REAL                   :: ZDRSATODP            ! d.Rsat/dP
REAL                   :: ZT                   ! Temperature
REAL                   :: ZWK                  ! Work array

! Variables for dry and cloudy parts
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF,&  ! Variation of Thv between mass points kk-kkl and kk
                                  ZCOEFF_PLUS_HALF     ! Variation of Thv between mass points kk and kk+kkl
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZPRE                 ! pressure at the bottom of the cloudy part
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZG_O_THVREF
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZFRAC_ICE            ! fraction of ice
REAL                   :: ZRVORD               ! RV/RD
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT) :: ZDZ_STOP,&           ! Exact Height of the LCL above flux level KK
                          ZTHV_MINUS_HALF,&    ! Thv at flux point(kk)  
                          ZTHV_PLUS_HALF       ! Thv at flux point(kk+kkl)
REAL                   :: ZDZ                  ! Delta Z used in computations
INTEGER :: JI, JLOOP
REAL, DIMENSION(D%NIT, 16) :: ZBUF
REAL(KIND=JPRB) :: ZHOOK_HANDLE
!----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                        
!                1.3 Initialisation
!                ------------------
  IF (LHOOK) CALL DR_HOOK('COMPUTE_ENTR_DETR',0,ZHOOK_HANDLE)
  
  ZRVORD   = CST%XRV / CST%XRD   !=1.607
  ZG_O_THVREF(:)=CST%XG/PTHVM(:,KK)
  ZCOEFFMF_CLOUD=PARAMMF%XENTR_MF * CST%XG / PARAMMF%XCRAD_MF
  
  ZFRAC_ICE(:)=PFRAC_ICE(:) ! to not modify fraction of ice
 
  ZPRE(:)=PPRE_MINUS_HALF(:)

!                1.4 Estimation of PPART_DRY
  DO JLOOP=1,SIZE(OTEST)
    IF(OTEST(JLOOP) .AND. OTESTLCL(JLOOP)) THEN
      !No dry part when condensation level is reached
      PPART_DRY(JLOOP)=0.
      ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP)=0.
      ZPRE(JLOOP)=PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)
    ELSE IF (OTEST(JLOOP) .AND. .NOT. OTESTLCL(JLOOP)) THEN
      !Temperature at flux level KK
      ZT=PTH_UP(JLOOP)*(PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)/CST%XP00) ** (CST%XRD/CST%XCPD)
      !Saturating vapor pressure at flux level KK
      ZFOESW = MIN(EXP( CST%XALPW - CST%XBETAW/ZT - CST%XGAMW*LOG(ZT)  ), 0.99*PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP))
      ZFOESI = MIN(EXP( CST%XALPI - CST%XBETAI/ZT - CST%XGAMI*LOG(ZT)  ), 0.99*PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP))
      !Computation of d.Rsat / dP (partial derivations with respect to P and T
      !and use of T=Theta*(P/P0)**(R/Cp) to transform dT into dP with theta_up
      !constant at the vertical)
      ZDRSATODP=(CST%XBETAW/ZT-CST%XGAMW)*(1-ZFRAC_ICE(JLOOP))+(CST%XBETAI/ZT-CST%XGAMI)*ZFRAC_ICE(JLOOP)
      ZDRSATODP=((CST%XRD/CST%XCPD)*ZDRSATODP-1.)*PRSAT_UP(JLOOP)/ &
                  &(PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)-(ZFOESW*(1-ZFRAC_ICE(JLOOP)) + ZFOESI*ZFRAC_ICE(JLOOP)))
      !Use of d.Rsat / dP and pressure at flux level KK to find pressure (ZPRE)
      !where Rsat is equal to PRT_UP
      ZPRE(JLOOP)=PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)+(PRT_UP(JLOOP)-PRSAT_UP(JLOOP))/ZDRSATODP
      !Fraction of dry part (computed with pressure and used with heights, no
      !impact found when using log function here and for pressure on flux levels
      !computation)
      PPART_DRY(JLOOP)=MAX(0., MIN(1., (PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)-ZPRE(JLOOP))/(PPRE_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)-PPRE_PLUS_HALF(JLOOP))))
      !Height above flux level KK of the cloudy part
      ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP) = (PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))*PPART_DRY(JLOOP)
    ELSE
      PPART_DRY(JLOOP)=0. ! value does not matter, here
    END IF
  END DO

!               1.5 Gradient and flux values of thetav
  IF(KK/=KKB)THEN
    ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF(:)=((PTHVM(:,KK)-PTHVM(:,KK-KKL))/PDZZ(:,KK))
    ZTHV_MINUS_HALF(:) = PTHVM(:,KK) - ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF(:)*0.5*(PZZ(:,KK+KKL)-PZZ(:,KK))
  ELSE
    ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF(:)=0.
    ZTHV_MINUS_HALF(:) = PTHVM(:,KK)
  ENDIF
  ZCOEFF_PLUS_HALF(:)  = ((PTHVM(:,KK+KKL)-PTHVM(:,KK))/PDZZ(:,KK+KKL))
  ZTHV_PLUS_HALF(:)  = PTHVM(:,KK) + ZCOEFF_PLUS_HALF(:)*0.5*(PZZ(:,KK+KKL)-PZZ(:,KK))

!               2  Dry part computation:
!                  Integral buoyancy and computation of PENTR and PDETR for dry part
!               --------------------------------------------------------------------

DO JLOOP=1,SIZE(OTEST)
  IF (OTEST(JLOOP) .AND. PPART_DRY(JLOOP)>0.) THEN
    !Buoyancy computation in two parts to use change of gradient of theta v of environment
    !Between flux level KK and min(mass level, bottom of cloudy part)
    ZDZ=MIN(ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP),(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))*0.5)
    PBUO_INTEG_DRY(JLOOP) = ZG_O_THVREF(JLOOP)*ZDZ*&
                (0.5 * (  - ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP))*ZDZ  &
                  - ZTHV_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP) + PTHV_UP(JLOOP) )

    !Between mass flux KK and bottom of cloudy part (if above mass flux)
    ZDZ=MAX(0., ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP)-(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))*0.5)
    PBUO_INTEG_DRY(JLOOP) = PBUO_INTEG_DRY(JLOOP) + ZG_O_THVREF(JLOOP)*ZDZ*&
                (0.5 * (  - ZCOEFF_PLUS_HALF(JLOOP))*ZDZ &
                  - PTHVM(JLOOP,KK) + PTHV_UP(JLOOP) )

    !Entr//Detr. computation
    IF (PBUO_INTEG_DRY(JLOOP)>=0.) THEN
      PENTR(JLOOP) = 0.5/(PARAMMF%XABUO-PARAMMF%XBENTR*PARAMMF%XENTR_DRY)*&
                 LOG(1.+ (2.*(PARAMMF%XABUO-PARAMMF%XBENTR*PARAMMF%XENTR_DRY)/PW_UP2(JLOOP,KK))* &
                 PBUO_INTEG_DRY(JLOOP))
      PDETR(JLOOP) = 0.
    ELSE
      PENTR(JLOOP) = 0.
      PDETR(JLOOP) = 0.5/(PARAMMF%XABUO)*&
                 LOG(1.+ (2.*(PARAMMF%XABUO)/PW_UP2(JLOOP,KK))* &
                 (-PBUO_INTEG_DRY(JLOOP)))
    ENDIF
    PENTR(JLOOP) = PARAMMF%XENTR_DRY*PENTR(JLOOP)/(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))    
    PDETR(JLOOP) = PARAMMF%XDETR_DRY*PDETR(JLOOP)/(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))
    !Minimum value of detrainment
    ZWK=PLUP(JLOOP)-0.5*(PZZ(JLOOP,KK)+PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL))
    ZWK=SIGN(MAX(1., ABS(ZWK)), ZWK) ! ZWK must not be zero
    PDETR(JLOOP) = MAX(PPART_DRY(JLOOP)*PARAMMF%XDETR_LUP/ZWK, PDETR(JLOOP))
  ELSE
    !No dry part, condensation reached (OTESTLCL)
    PBUO_INTEG_DRY(JLOOP) = 0.
    PENTR(JLOOP)=0.
    PDETR(JLOOP)=0.
  ENDIF
ENDDO

!               3  Wet part computation
!               -----------------------

!               3.1 Integral buoyancy for cloudy part

  ! Compute theta_v of updraft at flux level KK+KKL                   
  !MIX variables are used to avoid declaring new variables
  !but we are dealing with updraft and not mixture
  ZRCMIX(:)=PRC_UP(:)
  ZRIMIX(:)=PRI_UP(:)
  CALL TH_R_FROM_THL_RT(CST,NEB,D%NIT,HFRAC_ICE,ZFRAC_ICE,&
               PPRE_PLUS_HALF,PTHL_UP,PRT_UP,&
               ZTHMIX,ZRVMIX,ZRCMIX,ZRIMIX,&
               ZRSATW, ZRSATI,OOCEAN=.FALSE.,&
               PBUF=ZBUF)
  ZTHV_UP_F2(:) = ZTHMIX(:)*(1.+ZRVORD*ZRVMIX(:))/(1.+PRT_UP(:))

  ! Integral buoyancy for cloudy part
  DO JLOOP=1,SIZE(OTEST)
    IF(OTEST(JLOOP) .AND. PPART_DRY(JLOOP)<1.) THEN
      !Gradient of Theta V updraft over the cloudy part, assuming that thetaV updraft don't change
      !between flux level KK and bottom of cloudy part
      ZCOTHVU=(ZTHV_UP_F2(JLOOP)-PTHV_UP(JLOOP))/((PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))*(1-PPART_DRY(JLOOP)))

      !Computation in two parts to use change of gradient of theta v of environment
      !Between bottom of cloudy part (if under mass level) and mass level KK
      ZDZ=MAX(0., 0.5*(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))-ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP))
      PBUO_INTEG_CLD(JLOOP) = ZG_O_THVREF(JLOOP)*ZDZ*&
              (0.5*( ZCOTHVU - ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP))*ZDZ &
                - (PTHVM(JLOOP,KK)-ZDZ*ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)) + PTHV_UP(JLOOP) )

      !Between max(mass level, bottom of cloudy part) and flux level KK+KKL
      ZDZ=(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))-MAX(ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP),0.5*(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK)))
      PBUO_INTEG_CLD(JLOOP) = PBUO_INTEG_CLD(JLOOP)+ZG_O_THVREF(JLOOP)*ZDZ*&
                        (0.5*( ZCOTHVU - ZCOEFF_PLUS_HALF(JLOOP))*ZDZ&
                - (PTHVM(JLOOP,KK)+(0.5*((PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK)))-ZDZ)*ZCOEFF_PLUS_HALF(JLOOP)) +&
                PTHV_UP(JLOOP) )

    ELSE
      !No cloudy part
      PBUO_INTEG_CLD(JLOOP)=0.
    END IF
  END DO

!               3.2 Critical mixed fraction for KK+KKL flux level (ZKIC_F2) and
!                   for bottom of cloudy part (ZKIC), then a mean for the cloudy part
!                   (put also in ZKIC)
!
!                   computation by estimating unknown  
!                   T^mix r_c^mix and r_i^mix from enthalpy^mix and r_w^mix
!                   We determine the zero crossing of the linear curve
!                   evaluating the derivative using ZMIXF=0.1
                
  ZKIC_INIT=0.1  ! starting value for critical mixed fraction for CLoudy Part

  !  Compute thetaV of environment at the bottom of cloudy part
  !    and cons then non cons. var. of mixture at the bottom of cloudy part

  !   JI computed to avoid KKL(KK-KKL) being < KKL*KKB
JI=KKL*MAX(KKL*(KK-KKL),KKL*KKB)
DO JLOOP=1,SIZE(OTEST)
  IF(OTEST(JLOOP) .AND. PPART_DRY(JLOOP)>0.5) THEN
    ZDZ=ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP)-0.5*(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))
    ZTHV(JLOOP)= PTHVM(JLOOP,KK)+ZCOEFF_PLUS_HALF(JLOOP)*ZDZ
    ZMIXTHL(JLOOP) = ZKIC_INIT * &
               (PTHLM(JLOOP,KK)+ZDZ*(PTHLM(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PTHLM(JLOOP,KK))/PDZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)) + &
               (1. - ZKIC_INIT)*PTHL_UP(JLOOP)
    ZMIXRT(JLOOP)  = ZKIC_INIT * &
               (PRTM(JLOOP,KK)+ZDZ*(PRTM(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PRTM(JLOOP,KK))/PDZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)) +   &
               (1. - ZKIC_INIT)*PRT_UP(JLOOP)
  ELSEIF(OTEST(JLOOP)) THEN
    ZDZ=0.5*(PZZ(JLOOP,KK+KKL)-PZZ(JLOOP,KK))-ZDZ_STOP(JLOOP)
    ZTHV(JLOOP)= PTHVM(JLOOP,KK)-ZCOEFF_MINUS_HALF(JLOOP)*ZDZ
    ZMIXTHL(JLOOP) = ZKIC_INIT * &
               (PTHLM(JLOOP,KK)-ZDZ*(PTHLM(JLOOP,KK)-PTHLM(JLOOP,JI))/PDZZ(JLOOP,KK)) + &
               (1. - ZKIC_INIT)*PTHL_UP(JLOOP)
    ZMIXRT(JLOOP)  = ZKIC_INIT * &
               (PRTM(JLOOP,KK)-ZDZ*(PRTM(JLOOP,KK)-PRTM(JLOOP,JI))/PDZZ(JLOOP,KK)) + &
               (1. - ZKIC_INIT)*PRT_UP(JLOOP)
  ELSE
#ifdef REPRO55
    ZMIXTHL(JLOOP) = 0.1
#else
    ZMIXTHL(JLOOP) = 300.
#endif
    ZMIXRT(JLOOP) = 0.1
  ENDIF
ENDDO
  CALL TH_R_FROM_THL_RT(CST,NEB,D%NIT,HFRAC_ICE,ZFRAC_ICE,&
               ZPRE,ZMIXTHL,ZMIXRT,&
               ZTHMIX,ZRVMIX,PRC_MIX,PRI_MIX,&
               ZRSATW, ZRSATI,OOCEAN=.FALSE.,&
               PBUF=ZBUF)
  ZTHVMIX(:) = ZTHMIX(:)*(1.+ZRVORD*ZRVMIX(:))/(1.+ZMIXRT(:))

  !  Compute cons then non cons. var. of mixture at the flux level KK+KKL  with initial ZKIC
  ZMIXTHL(:) = ZKIC_INIT * 0.5*(PTHLM(:,KK)+PTHLM(:,KK+KKL))+(1. - ZKIC_INIT)*PTHL_UP(:)
  ZMIXRT(:)  = ZKIC_INIT * 0.5*(PRTM(:,KK)+PRTM(:,KK+KKL))+(1. - ZKIC_INIT)*PRT_UP(:)
  CALL TH_R_FROM_THL_RT(CST,NEB,D%NIT,HFRAC_ICE,ZFRAC_ICE,&
               PPRE_PLUS_HALF,ZMIXTHL,ZMIXRT,&
               ZTHMIX,ZRVMIX,PRC_MIX,PRI_MIX,&
               ZRSATW, ZRSATI,OOCEAN=.FALSE.,&
               PBUF=ZBUF)
  ZTHVMIX_F2(:) = ZTHMIX(:)*(1.+ZRVORD*ZRVMIX(:))/(1.+ZMIXRT(:))

  !Computation of mean ZKIC over the cloudy part
DO JLOOP=1,SIZE(OTEST)
  IF (OTEST(JLOOP)) THEN
    ! Compute ZKIC at the bottom of cloudy part
    ! Thetav_up at bottom is equal to Thetav_up at flux level KK
    IF (ABS(PTHV_UP(JLOOP)-ZTHVMIX(JLOOP))<1.E-10) THEN
      ZKIC(JLOOP)=1.
    ELSE
      ZKIC(JLOOP) = MAX(0.,PTHV_UP(JLOOP)-ZTHV(JLOOP))*ZKIC_INIT /  &  
                 (PTHV_UP(JLOOP)-ZTHVMIX(JLOOP))
    END IF
    ! Compute ZKIC_F2 at flux level KK+KKL
    IF (ABS(ZTHV_UP_F2(JLOOP)-ZTHVMIX_F2(JLOOP))<1.E-10) THEN
      ZKIC_F2(JLOOP)=1.
    ELSE
      ZKIC_F2(JLOOP) = MAX(0.,ZTHV_UP_F2(JLOOP)-ZTHV_PLUS_HALF(JLOOP))*ZKIC_INIT /  &  
                 (ZTHV_UP_F2(JLOOP)-ZTHVMIX_F2(JLOOP))
    END IF
    !Mean ZKIC over the cloudy part
    ZKIC(JLOOP)=MAX(MIN(0.5*(ZKIC(JLOOP)+ZKIC_F2(JLOOP)),1.),0.)
  END IF
END DO

!               3.3 Integration of PDF
!                   According to Kain and Fritsch (1990), we replace delta Mt
!                   in eq. (7) and (8) using eq. (5). Here we compute the ratio
!                   of integrals without computing delta Me

  !Constant PDF
  !For this PDF, eq. (5) is delta Me=0.5*delta Mt
DO JLOOP=1,SIZE(OTEST)
  IF(OTEST(JLOOP)) THEN
    ZEPSI(JLOOP) = ZKIC(JLOOP)**2. !integration multiplied by 2
    ZDELTA(JLOOP) = (1.-ZKIC(JLOOP))**2. !idem
  ENDIF